Harmonics are distorted voltage or current waveforms caused by non-linear electrical loads. Instead of a clean sine wave (like in pure 50/60 Hz systems), harmonics introduce additional frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency (e.g., 150 Hz, 250 Hz...).

Common Sources of Harmonics:

• LED lighting with dimmers
• Variable frequency drives (VFDs)
• UPS systems
• Switch-mode power supplies (laptops, chargers)
• Office equipment (computers, printers)
• Elevators and HVAC systems

Harmonics Can Cause:

How to Detect & Solve Harmonics:

Detection Tools:

• Power quality analyzers
• Harmonic meters
• Smart energy monitoring systems

Mitigation Methods:

• Passive filters (tuned to specific harmonic orders) 
• Active harmonic filters (dynamic response)
• Line reactors/chokes on drives
• Isolation transformers
• Power factor correction with detuned capacitors